Scalable Vector Graphics (.svg)
W3C EstándarScalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity, CSS styling, and animation.
Convertir de SVG a PNG
Convertidor gratuito de SVG a PNG en el navegador. Convierte archivos al instante en tu dispositivo.
Comprimir SVG en línea
Compresión 100% privada en el navegador – los archivos nunca salen de tu dispositivo
Inspeccionar y metadatos
Los sistemas operativos y analizadores de archivos identifican los archivos de SVG inspeccionando la secuencia de bytes binarios inicial:
Firma de cabecera a nivel de bytes (Bytes mágicos)
Los sistemas operativos y analizadores de archivos identifican los archivos de SVG inspeccionando la secuencia de bytes binarios inicial:
FIRMA HEXADECIMAL (DESPLAZAMIENTO 0):
3C 73 76 67REPRESENTACIÓN ASCII: <svg
Estandarización: W3C Recommendation (SVG 1.1 / SVG 2)
Especificaciones técnicas
| Arquitectura del contenedor | XML-based text markup document defining 2D vector geometry |
| Compresión | Gzip / Brotli text compression (SVGZ uses gzip compression) |
| Orden de bytes (Endianness) | Not applicable (Text-based UTF-8 / UTF-16 character stream) |
| Espacios de color | sRGB, CSS Color Module 4 (Display P3, lab, lch) |
| Canales y estructura | Unlimited resolution vector shapes, bezier curves, typography, and opacity masks |
| Dimensiones máximas | Resolution-independent (scales infinitely to any viewport without pixelation) |
| Transparencia | Full variable alpha transparency and CSS blend modes |
| Streaming y progresivo | Progressive text stream parsing supported by browser XML parser |
Matriz de comparación técnica: SVG frente a la competencia
| Atributo técnico | SVG (Actual) | HTML5 Canvas | PNG | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rendering Model | Retained mode vector DOM | Immediate mode bitmap canvas | Retained mode fixed page container | Raster pixel grid |
| Styling & CSS | Fully styleable via CSS classes and variables | Requires JavaScript canvas API redraws | No dynamic CSS styling | Fixed raster pixels |
| Infinite Scalability | Yes (mathematical vector curves) | Requires manual resolution scaling | Yes (vector elements) | No (pixelates when enlarged) |
| Interactivity | Native DOM events (hover, click, animations) | Requires manual hit detection math | Static document | Requires image map or canvas |
Modos de corrupción comunes y guía de recuperación hexadecimal
⚠️ Browser displays XML Parsing Error: unclosed token or mismatched tag.
Causa raíz: Malformed XML syntax, missing closing tags, or unescaped ampersands ('&' instead of '&').
Recuperación: Validate with an XML linter (xmllint file.svg) and correct unbalanced tags.
Análisis de seguridad y vectores de ataque al analizador
Because SVG is executable XML that supports '<script>' tags and external entities, it presents significant XSS and SSRF risks if untrusted SVGs are displayed.
Vectores de ataque conocidos
- Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) via embedded '<script>' tags or 'onload=' event handlers.
- XML External Entity (XXE) attacks reading local server files when parsed on backend servers.
- Billion Laughs XML entity expansion causing denial of service.
Mejores prácticas defensivas: Always sanitize SVGs using DOMPurify before embedding, or serve SVGs with 'Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none'' or as '<img>' tags which automatically disable scripts.
Orígenes históricos e hitos
Ventajas clave y pros
- Infinite resolution independence: crisp lines and typography on any display or print scale.
- Extremely small file size for logos, icons, and UI interface elements.
- Fully scriptable and styleable via CSS and JavaScript inside the browser DOM.
Limitaciones técnicas y contras
- Unsuitable for photographs or complex continuous-tone imagery.
- Complex vector paths with thousands of nodes can cause CPU rendering lag and high battery drain.
- XML nature allows embedded scripting, requiring strict sanitization before rendering untrusted uploads.
Curiosidades técnicas interesantes
- Because SVG is plain XML text, compressing it with Gzip (producing an .svgz file) often reduces size by 70%–80%.
- The viewBox attribute defines an abstract coordinate canvas that maps dynamically to physical screen pixels.
Preguntas técnicas frecuentes
Can SVG files contain malicious code?
Yes. Because SVG is valid XML, it can contain embedded JavaScript ('<script>') that executes if the SVG is loaded directly in a browser or opened in an inline '<svg>' element. Serving SVGs via an '<img>' tag automatically neutralizes script execution.
When should I use SVG instead of PNG?
Use SVG for icons, logos, charts, illustrations, and typography where crisp scaling across all screen sizes and small file sizes are required. Use PNG or WebP for photographs.
Pares de conversión de SVG relacionados
Rasterize resolution-independent SVG vector graphics into high-resolution PNG bitmap assets.
Trace and vectorize high-contrast PNG bitmap images into scalable SVG paths.
Compile SVG vector graphics into scalable, printable PDF documents.
Extract vector graphics and paths from PDF pages into standalone SVG files.
Convert 2D CAD DXF drawings into web-viewable SVG vector diagrams.
Export SVG vector shapes into AutoCAD DXF format for CNC and CAD processing.