Encyclopédie des formats de fichiers informatiques

La base de données technique de référence des formats de fichiers informatiques. Explorez les signatures d'en-tête au niveau des octets (octets magiques), les espaces colorimétriques, les algorithmes de compression, les créateurs, les normes RFC ainsi que les outils interactifs de conversion et de compression.

Garantie de confidentialité sans transmission réseau : 0 octet téléchargé vers des serveurs externes. Tout le traitement a lieu localement dans le bac à sable de votre navigateur.

Dossiers techniques des formats principaux

Portable Document Format
.pdf
Magique : 25 50 44 46

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a ubiquitous digital paper standard designed to present documents consistently independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

Inventeur : Dr. John Warnock & Adobe Camelot Project (1993)
Lire le dossier technique PDF complet →
Portable Network Graphics
.png
Magique : 89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A

Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is an unencumbered raster graphics file format that supports lossless data compression, indexed colors, and variable alpha channel transparency.

Inventeur : PNG Development Group (Thomas Boutell, Glenn Randers-Pehrson) (1995)
Lire le dossier technique PNG complet →
Joint Photographic Experts Group
.jpg
Magique : FF D8 FF

JPEG is the most widely adopted lossy compression standard for digital photography and web imagery, exploiting the human eye's higher sensitivity to luminance over chrominance.

Inventeur : Joint Photographic Experts Group (1992)
Lire le dossier technique JPG complet →
Google Web Picture Format
.webp
Magique : 52 49 46 46

WebP is a modern image format developed by Google that provides superior lossless and lossy compression for web images, supporting both alpha transparency and animated frames.

Inventeur : Google (based on On2 Technologies VP8 video codec) (2010)
Lire le dossier technique WebP complet →
AV1 Image File Format
.avif
Magique : 66 74 79 70 61 76 69 66

AVIF is a next-generation open image format derived from the AV1 video codec, delivering cutting-edge compression efficiency, high dynamic range (HDR), and wide color gamuts.

Inventeur : Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) (2019)
Lire le dossier technique AVIF complet →
Scalable Vector Graphics
.svg
Magique : 3C 73 76 67

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity, CSS styling, and animation.

Inventeur : World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (2001)
Lire le dossier technique SVG complet →
Office Open XML Document
.docx
Magique : 50 4B 03 04

DOCX is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft for word processing documents, standardizing Word documents under the Office Open XML specification.

Inventeur : Microsoft (2006)
Lire le dossier technique DOCX complet →
ZIP Compressed Archive
.zip
Magique : 50 4B 03 04

ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression, allowing multiple files and directories to be packaged into a single transportable container.

Inventeur : Phil Katz (PKWARE) (1989)
Lire le dossier technique ZIP complet →
Graphics Interchange Format
.gif
Magique : 47 49 46 38

The Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is an 8-bit palette-based raster image format developed by CompuServe, celebrated worldwide for popularizing short looping animations on the early web.

Inventeur : Steve Wilhite (CompuServe) (1987)
Lire le dossier technique GIF complet →
JavaScript Object Notation
.json
Magique : 7B or 5B

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight, human-readable text format for data interchange, completely language-independent and universally used for web APIs.

Inventeur : Douglas Crockford (2001)
Lire le dossier technique JSON complet →
Comma-Separated Values
.csv
Magique : Plain Text

Comma-Separated Values (CSV) is a ubiquitous plain-text format for tabular data, where each line represents a data record and fields are separated by delimiter characters.

Inventeur : IBM / Early Computing Pioneers (1972)
Lire le dossier technique CSV complet →
Extensible Markup Language
.xml
Magique : 3C 3F 78 6D

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a versatile markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

Inventeur : World Wide Web Consortium (W3C Working Group) (1998)
Lire le dossier technique XML complet →

Écosystème multi-outils

Vous souhaitez convertir ou compresser des fichiers au lieu de lire des spécifications techniques ? Visitez nos portails d'outils intégrés au navigateur :