JavaScript Object Notation (.json)
RFC 標準JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a lightweight, human-readable text format for data interchange, completely language-independent and universally used for web APIs.
JSON を HTML に変換
無料のブラウザ内 JSON から HTML へのコンバーター。お使いのデバイスでファイルを即座に変換します。
JSONをオンラインで圧縮
ブラウザ内100%ローカル圧縮 — ファイルが外部サーバーに送信されることはありません
調査とメタデータ
オペレーティングシステムやファイル解析ツールは、先頭のバイナリバイトシーケンスを検査することで JSON ファイルを識別します:
バイトレベルのヘッダーシグネチャ (マジックバイト)
オペレーティングシステムやファイル解析ツールは、先頭のバイナリバイトシーケンスを検査することで JSON ファイルを識別します:
16進数シグネチャ (オフセット 0):
7B or 5BASCII表現: { or [
標準化: RFC 8259 / ECMA-404 / ISO/IEC 21778
技術仕様
| コンテナアーキテクチャ | Lightweight, text-based, language-independent data interchange format |
| 圧縮 | Gzip / Brotli / Zstandard text compression (typically achieves 80%-90% ratio) |
| バイトエンディアン | UTF-8 encoded Unicode (no Byte Order Mark / BOM recommended) |
| 色空間 | Not applicable |
| チャンネルと構造 | Six basic data types: object, array, string, number, boolean, null |
| 最大寸法 | Unbounded; limited only by parser memory and maximum string length |
| 透過性 | Not applicable |
| ストリーミングとプログレッシブ | NDJSON (Newline Delimited JSON) / JSON Lines enables progressive stream processing |
技術比較マトリックス: JSON 対 競合製品
| 技術属性 | JSON (現在) | YAML | XML | Protocol Buffers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Syntax Complexity | Minimal (6 types, strict syntax) | High (indentation-based, complex spec) | High (verbose closing tags, namespaces) | Schema-defined binary wire format |
| Parsing Performance | Extremely fast in all modern languages | Slow (complex indentation parsing) | Moderate to slow (heavy DOM construction) | Ultra-fast (zero-copy binary deserialization) |
| Comments Supported | No (deliberately excluded to prevent metadata creep) | Yes (# comments) | Yes (<!-- comments -->) | Yes in .proto files |
| Network Payload Size | Compact text (very high gzip ratio) | Compact text | Verbose text (heavy tag repetition) | Ultra-compact binary |
一般的な破損モードと16進数リカバリガイド
⚠️ SyntaxError: Unexpected token , in JSON at position X.
根本原因: Trailing comma after the last item in an array or object, which is strictly illegal in RFC 8259 JSON.
復旧: Remove trailing commas from object keys and array entries before passing to JSON.parse().
⚠️ SyntaxError: Unexpected token ' in JSON.
根本原因: Strings or keys enclosed in single quotes ('') instead of double quotes ("").
復旧: Replace all single-quoted strings and keys with standard double-quoted strings.
セキュリティ分析とパーサー攻撃ベクトル
JSON is text-only and safe from direct code execution, but parsing untrusted JSON can lead to Prototype Pollution, ReDoS, or memory exhaustion.
既知の攻撃ベクター
- Prototype Pollution: Keys named '__proto__' or 'constructor' modifying Object.prototype in JavaScript applications.
- Stack overflow denial of service via deeply nested JSON structures (e.g. 10,000 opening brackets).
- Loss of numeric precision: JavaScript numbers larger than 2^53 - 1 (9,007,199,254,740,991) silently lose precision.
防御的ベストプラクティス: Never evaluate JSON with eval(). Use JSON.parse() and sanitize '__proto__' properties in recursive object merge functions.
歴史的背景とマイルストーン
主な利点とメリット
- Human-readable, self-describing, and concise text structure.
- Native parsing support built into JavaScript engines (JSON.parse) and every major programming language.
- Strict specification prevents arbitrary code execution.
技術的な制限とデメリット
- No support for comments, trailing commas, or circular object references.
- No native binary types (binary data must be base64-encoded, inflating size by 33%).
- Inefficient serialization compared to binary formats like Protocol Buffers or MessagePack.
興味深い技術トリビア
- Douglas Crockford added the software license clause 'The Software shall be used for Good, not Evil' to the original JSMin JSON tools.
- JSON is a strict subset of JavaScript syntax, but until ES2019, raw unescaped U+2028 and U+2029 characters were valid in JSON but invalid in JavaScript strings.
よくある技術的な質問
Why doesn't JSON allow comments?
Douglas Crockford deliberately excluded comments from the JSON specification to prevent developers from putting parsing instructions or environment-dependent configuration pragmas into data feeds, preserving universal interoperability.
How do you store 64-bit integers in JSON without losing precision?
JavaScript's native Number type is an IEEE 754 double-precision float, which only supports integers up to 2^53 - 1 precisely. 64-bit integers (like database IDs or timestamps) must be serialized as strings (e.g. '1234567890123456789') in JSON.
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